September 17, 2005
TCP/IP and VoIP
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol. Internet Protocol (IP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are connectionless protocols. In a connection-oriented network, a network has to be established before information can be transferred. In this process, a significant amount of time and resource is spent in signaling. The advantage of this process is that upon the establishment of a network path, attributes of the path such as propagation delay do not change. In fact, connection-oriented networks are also known as reliable networks.
Data networks are examples of connectionless networks in which the data travels in packets. The packets may or may not be delivered to the desired destination. Since the characteristics of the path are not fixed, a connectionless network is often described as unreliable or best-effort. File transfer using FTP, electronic mail using SMTP, and remote host computer access using Telnet were important data applications that were developed using TCP, IP, and UDP. Today, the focus is on applications that integrate voice and data. As these applications are intolerant of delay, they cannot be run on a best-effort network. The answer to the problem lies in adding protocols that will boost the performance of connectionless IP networks. Given below is a list of protocols that enable voice and data transfer over the Internet.
•Multicast Internet Protocol enables the transmission of information from a single source to many recipients.
•RTP Control Protocol checks the performance of the RTP.
•Real-time Streaming Protocol enables data delivery in real-time, which also includes accessing information from media servers.
•Real-time Transport Protocol helps in payload identification and sequence numbering.
•Resource Reservation Protocol ensures that there is sufficient bandwidth available to enable communication between sender and receiver.
•Session Announcement Protocol packets help the end users to make use of open sessions.
•Session Description Protocol allows information exchange regarding the media stream, bandwidth required, session name, etc.
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